Microscopes are generally used to focus on really close things and magnify them a LOT. Because they have a small lens, they need a lot of light shining through/on to the object.
Telescopes usually don’t have as much magnification, but have much bigger lenses to catch more light, as (apart from one notable exception) starlight has spread out a lot by the time it gets here and so stars are pretty faint.
Apart from this, the main difference is the focal point – really close vs infinity.
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