If restarting will fully turn your computer off then on again, what is directing it to turn back on? are there just some parts that stay functioning?
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In some kinds of restart, the computer never actually powers down at all. The OS unloads most of its parts, then reloads them, then continues operating.
But there are other ways. There are usually some smaller computers that make up your computer. One of them is for “power management”. In one kind of restart, the OS unloads most of its parts, then tells the power management computer that it wants a restart. Then, the power management computer cuts power to the “main” computer for a few moments, then restores the power. That causes the main computer to start booting up as if it had been unplugged.
The most dramatic kind of restart involves unplugging the computer. Then everything loses power. *Some* computers have a few battery-operated components that keep running, but it’s not really worth listing all of them. Sometimes a computer automatically turns on when you plug it in. What’s really happening there is when the power is restored, first the power management computer starts up. It can start up very fast since it’s not super complicated. It can be configured to turn on the main computer as soon as it gets power, or it can be configured to make you manually push a button to turn on the computer.
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