Sunlight contains high-energy light. We call this light *ultraviolet*, because it’s past the violent end of the spectrum of things we can see.
Ultraviolet light has as much energy as a typical chemical bond. What that means is that absorbing UV light can *break* a chemical bond, splitting a molecule into pieces and potentially forming different compounds. Colored objects usually rely on chemical dyes that are made of molecules of a particular color, and if you destroy those molecules, the color fades (or changes, if they’re reformed into new molecules that are colorful).
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