The material in your pencil is called Graphite. Graphite is arranged in many many super thing layers, and is very smooth.
Paper is super rough on a small scale, lots of tiny bumps.
When you write you are dragging the pencil, and these tiny smootj layers of graphite lay themselves onto the paper. And since the paper is so rough, the smooth graphite layers “get stuck” on the paper.
Think of it like dropping a something into the corner of your room where all your cables are. when you reach in to pull the thing you dropped out, your hand will “get stuck” in the cables.
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