Why are iron, cobalt, and nickel magnetic, but other metals are not?
In: Physics
To have a magnetic you need a magnetic field, to have a magnetic field you need charges to be in motion and a force. You can either cause this by a current following into an element or alloy or the element itself would have it’s own particles in motion.
You see elements want to be in a stable state outside of chaos and to have that stable you need to have the same number of protons which are a positive particle and electrons that is a negative particle in which case the protons are centered inside the electrons and the electrons are around the protons in shells the first shell will have 2 electrons while the rest will have up to 8 and 8 electrons on the shell basically makes it very stable like having a highway with proper exists and traffic control but when the number isn’t 8 the electrons aren’t stable so they want more electrons to be stable.
The thing is iron, cobalt and nickel like other transition metals don’t have a number of protons to accommodate that number of electrons to become stable so how do these guys stabilize? Instead of only using their valence electrons they also use the shell below it when that happens you have the electrons travel in motion and they have a velocity and they cause a centripetal force and what happens is you get a magnetic field that is perpendicular to this force and electron motion basically [like this picture](https://www.pasco.com/products/guides/right-hand-rule).
tl/dr: Those elements got an unstable outter shell which gets the bois from the lower shell to do their dirty work which pisses off the laws of nature but their screams go the wrong way. Kinda like outsourcing….
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