I think most are equally as likely to develop cancer, but their size means that the cancer takes much longer to cause serious damage as all cancers grow at a similar rate regardless of the size of their host.
Some very large animals such as whales have another mechanism which defends them, known as supercancers. This is essentially when the cancer develops its own cancer (or a different cancer) which competes with the initial tumor for space and resources. This will either result in the death of the initial cancer, or will slow the growth of both cancers, effectively delaying the death of the animal.
So one thing I found was that in some larger animals, elephants of which have been most studied they actually contain more tumor suppressor Gene’s. So in cancers 2 things have to happen, activation of an oncogene. These essentially tell cells to divide. This alone is ok because cellular development occurs with cycles. Each cycle has a checkpoint where the cell is checked to make sure everything is ok (this done through a complicated series of protein and enzymatic reactions) however if damage or other anomalies are present there are proteins that recognize this and induce apoptosis or cell death. These are tumor suppressor genes. You have 2 copies and elephants have more. Because of this more mutations or exposures are required. All tumor suppresses need to be knocked out for full on cancer development.
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