Imagine trying to breathe through a straw. The thinner it is, the less air you get. Electrical resistance works similar to that in that you lose voltage across the cable if the wires are too thin, too long, or made from aluminum instead of copper.
That’s a problem with USB cables because the standard USB voltage (5V) happens to be very close to the voltage that’s needed to charge a lithium-ion battery, and if you lose just a little bit to cable resistance, it will have a major impact on the charging speed.
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