Why are the areas in the equator not as hot and dry as deserts even though they’re closer to the sun?
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“Closer to the sun” is irrelevant; the sun is 93M miles away from everywhere on Earth.
What does matter is that the tropics are face-on to the Sun, so they get more heat. Which causes an upwelling of air, which then cools, forming clouds. The air then descends north and south of the equator. As it does, its temperature increases and humidity decreases, producing belts of arid regions around the globe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley_cell
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