Why are there black patches on the suns surface?
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Those black spots are called “sunspots”. The sun constantly produces radiation and intense magnetic fields. Sometimes the magnetic field in certain spots is aligned and intense enough to cause that part of the surface of the sun to drastically drop in temperature (to anywhere between 25%-50% of its normal temperature). Even though this is still extremely hot and would normally appear very bright, because of how bright all the surrounding surface of the sun is, it appears very dark when we view it.
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