USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 Gen 1 aka the kind that can do 5 gbps can only use cables up to 3m in length. Meanwhile Ethernet uses a similar twisted pair copper cable, but can do 10 gbps over 100m.
What gives, why is USB so limited in terms of cable length?
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balanced vs unbalanced cable as well. electrical wires are carrying a signal, and “noise” from environment/system enters the signal. a balanced cable has another wire inside in reverse phase, the signal from which , at cables end, is compared against the “intended” signal. the “noise” part of the signal gets cancelled out , “phase cancelling” its really neat.
if the cable is “unbalanced” the phase cancelling wire is not present, and over increasing length of cable the signal to noise ratio quickly becomes unacceptable for use.
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