Well, particles don`t really “know” to attract to other particles. What happens is that matter bends space in such a way that makes other matter fall into it. This goes both ways of course, so objects with mass keep falling towards each other.
A great and simple way to imagine this is through this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTY1Kje0yLg
The video shows this happening in two dimension, but basically the exact same principle applies to three dimensions.
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