NSAIDs work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are proteins that are a key player in the immune system’s inflammatory cascade of events.
However, in certain cells that line the inside of the GI tract, prostaglandins are necessary for production of mucous, which lines the inside of the tract to protect against stomach acid and any other caustic substances. Without a proper mucous lining, the inside of the GI tract, especially the stomach (which manufactures hydrochloric acid to aid food digestion), can sustain substantial damage leading to ulcers, pain, bleeding.
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