Imagine everything on the spectrum like ridged wavey noodles. And now imagine solids like sieves, different sources of energy have varying wave lengths thus some can not fit through sieve and others can.
Look at a microwave door, light can escape from inside, yet the microwave can not yet you can see through the microwave door. Its cause microwaves have really big wave lengths. This is how material can either penetrate or be blocked.
This works to the molecular level as well, why lead can block gamma rays, x-rays etc.
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