Short answer: they don’t.
Long answer: The concept of a “country” is largely a social construct. There’s no “difference” between Canada and the United States other than the decision that one part of the continent will be run by a specific group of people, and another part will be run by an entirely different group.
From that perspective, the only thing determining “countries” *is people as a whole.* In that context, a “country” is *defined* by the fact that a large proportion of the world recognizes a specific land area as self-governing.
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