More specifically than just ‘nutrition’, there were incredible revolutions in fertilizer development in the decades around the [start of the 20th century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_fertilizer), some of which were invented by Nobel Prize winners. The graph on the wiki page really shows that for much of history, fertilizer use was negligible compared to today and only really started to increase in the 1900’s, especially the 1950’s. The increased amount and quality of fertilizer allowed more humans to have better nutrition during their key growth periods (aka childhood and puberty).
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