Though the Reason part has already be answered, I wanna address the prevention part.
There are these Creams being sold in the market, which when applied on the surface of the balloons, helps prevent the leakage to a large extent. It is mostly used on the Helium filled balloons to keep them airborne for longer period of time.
One call also apply grease or some type of oil with some specific properties, so that the weight of the Balloon does not exceed a certain ratio.
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