Most of these other comments are focusing on actual loudness differences. But perceived loudness can be a psychological thing too. For example, I make a lot of rap beats. If I want the instruments to seem really loud, I might add a crash cymbal at relatively low volume. Your brain notices the crash cymbal in the mix and knows that crash cymbals in real life are loud. Since the other instruments are loud relative to the crash cymbal, your brain decides that these other instruments must be super loud too.
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