The primary colors are just a set of three that can’t be mixed from other colors. Otherwise, there’s not much special about them when it comes to visual displays.
Red, green, and blue can be more easily differentiated by the cones in the human eye than many other colors because they are of (relatively) long, medium, and short wavelengths in comparison to each other. That way, screens can produce, and we can see, a wider range of colors than we could if the primary colors were used.
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