Different routes absorb at different rates is the primary reason. Where you want the medication to go is another. You can push a smaller amount of a medication through a vein and have it take affect quickly or you can push a large dose into a muscle and have it start working over time. Also, you might be injecting a medication like lidocaine to numb a specific location; lidocaine in the veins is done to treat certain heart conditions and could be fatal otherwise.
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