you can only fit so many people in any space – same goes with firepower (even ancient firepower; so including spears and swords). formations maximize the use of your own firepower and minimize the risk of enemy firepower being used effectively.
they had major psychological effects too; as most battles in war weren’t won by killing every last man but by trying to force the enemy into submitting and surrendering – tugging at the fears of the enemy soldiers by being more organized and more able to respond as a cohesive unit faster against any threat they tried to impose.
with the invention of modern military tactics as well as REAL firepower, standing in a big square isn’t going to do you much good. the range of how deadly an individual soldier will be has increased by a thousand fold. i can’t stab someone 3m away, but i could shoot them with a pipe, nail, elastic band and round.
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