Inside your eye are two distinct… “things” that help with vision. They are rods and cones. Rods don’t see color well and have mediocre spacial acuity (ability to tell difference between two objects.) Cones are to help you see colors and give you the ability to see spaces between objects (think reaching out to grab a can of coke) the cones see different wavelengths of light. Short and middle wavelength cones are seen as blues and greens respectively. Long wavelength is responsible for red and oranges. Deer simply lack the equipment in their eyes to see the long wavelength and interpret it the way that we do. To put it another way think of a dog whistle, your dog can hear it but you cannot. This is another topic that I can explain if you would like. But as other people stated the purpose of the orange is so that other hunters can see you more easily.
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