disclaimer: I’m not a thermal dynamics expert, so take this as all eli5 should be taken; as a general description, not to be confused for a physically accurate model.
As temperature is increased, energy levels are also increased. One of the byproducts of increased energy are photons (light) that are emitted at faster rates. This causes the wavelength to shorten. As the wavelengths are shortened the result is they produce colors that are interpreted by our visual center differently.
This process is called incandescence.
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