Why do programs have to be manually optimized for multiple CPU cores? Why is single-core performance such a bottleneck?

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For a long time, single core performance has been the most important feature for gaming. Though we are getting better multi-threaded games, we are still pushing for the maximum single core performance instead of cores. Why can’t 16* 2ghz cores do roughly as good job as 8* 4ghz (of the same CPU architecture), especially in gaming?

They say that software programmers have to manually split the jobs for multiple cores. Why? Why does the OS even need to operate multiple cores in the first place? To me this sounds like bad workplace management, where the results depend on pushing the limits of the same few people (cores) instead of splitting the work. I feel like making just a big bunch of cheap cores would give better performance for the money than doing tons of research for the best possible elite cores. This works for encoding jobs but not for snappy game performance.

Now, one limitation that comes to mind is sequential jobs. Things where the steps need to be done in a certain order, depending on the results of the previous step. In this case, higher clock speed has an advantage and you wouldn’t even be able to utilize multiple cores. However, I still feel like the clock speeds like 4 000 000 000 cycles per second can’t be the limiting factor for running a game over 150 frames per second. Or is it? Are the CPU jobs in game programming just so sequential? Is there any way to increase the speed of simple sequential jobs with the help of more cores?

Bonus question: How do multiple instructions per cycle work if a job is sequential?

Bonus question 2: GPUs have tons of low power cores. Why is this okay? Is it just because the job of rendering is not sequential at all?

In: Engineering

6 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

Really simply put – if you have a set of instructions that can be followed by one person, you can’t always split those instructions so that two people work on different bits of it at the same time, you have to write the instructions specifically so they can be shared out. Then you have to worry about whether or not certain things can be done before certain other things have finished.

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