There are several possible reasons including, but not limited to:
1. poor subgrade material (the bottommost layer of dirt).
2. poorly compacted subgrade (meaning when they built the road, special compaction roller machines didn’t properly roll over sections to compact, remove air pockets, etc),
3. poor drainage (asphalt/blacktop is quite pervious and water can makes its way below grade if not allowed to runoff the roadway)
4. Higher than normal or irregular vehicular loads that create large amounts of stress on particular sections of roadway
5. Often times, simple age of the roadway and wearing away of surfaces from vehicles, water, wind, etc
and so on and so forth. Also
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