The best explanation can be done with a wet paper towel. If you wet a small spot on a paper towel and look at it normally, the wet spot looks darker. If you hold the towel up to a light, you’ll see that the wet spot is actually brighter than the rest. This mean that more photons are passing through the wet spot, meaning fewer photons are reflecting off of the wet spot. Since we perceive reflected photons as the “brightness” of something, the spot appears darker.
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