For instance, in Spanish, the letter “v” is pronouced like the letter “b” in English. Why not just use the letter b? Who decided that for this sound, we’re going to use this letter, even though other users of this alphabet use a different one? I’m not trying to be English-centric here. We could just as easily use the Italian “ci” for the English “ch.” And don’t get me started on how “eaux” somehow equates to a long “o.” I get that English has a different language branch than the Romance languages, but we all use (basically) the same alphabet.
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Two groups speaking the same language but “isolated” from each other will start to develope dialects pretty fast. But written language usually changes much slower. So you have two groups using the same written language but diffrent spoken language. Sometimes the written language is adjusted to fit the spoken language more other times the written language stays the same. When the written language stays the same you adjust the pronouciation of letters to fit the spoken language.
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