A few things:
1. Alphabet (Google/YouTube/…) has a CDN (Content Delivery Network), most likely with a server in the same Data Center as your ISP. Since they also like to partner with ISPs for fast access they have a very short, very fast path between the server and you
2. YouTube starts transmitting multiple resolutions at the same time, and starts playing as soon as the first chunk is done. While that is playing the others are aborted and the next chunk starts loading. If a higher resolution one finished loading before the previous chunk is done playing you get an upgraded resolution.
YouTube also has countless copies of your video hosted all over the world so no matter where you live, there is a copy close by to play quickly. Other companies don’t have nearly as many global server farms so it might be pulling your video on Reddit from a lot farther away, slowing things down further.
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