Earlier, each country and sometimes each town had its own system. That still survives for some applications, for instance Troy ounces for precious metals which comes from the French town of Trois and which differs from the common avoirdupois weights In other areas of science, like temperature and light measurement different scientists hit upon their own standards for their work.
Over time, units with a better theoretical foundation have gradually been adopted, doing away with those that reference a particular lump of metal or those that require multiple environmental factors to be controlled.
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