Balance and efficiency.
You move your arms opposite your legs – right leg/left arm forward, left leg/right arm forward. As your hips/ legs rotate one direction, your arms/torso rotates the opposite direction. This reduces the angular momentum of the body, and keeps you balanced.
[Read more here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_swing_in_human_locomotion?wprov=sfla1)
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