If you put only 1 battery in, the circuit is still open and power can’t actually flow to the device. Additionally, many modern devices require a minimum voltage to work, so one battery may not provide enough voltage on its own. There are some devices out there that can run on fewer batteries (flashlight for example that can run on 2 or 4 batteries), but those have been designed with that functionality in mind.
Because the battery slots are like “holes” in the circuit. Electricity will not be able to flow in a circuit with holes in it. You can think of it like a water pipe where the pipes are the circuit and the water is the electricity. So if you insert just one battery there will still be one more hole so no electricity will flow. You need to add two batteries to have a complete circuit.
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