Instant pain from “damage” of any sort to the body is caused by nerves, and is evolutionary in nature…to teach us with instant feedback HY we shouldn’t stick our hands in fire, or cut ourselves, or whatever.
Pain from exertion is caused by other root causes listed by others in other posts, and again, are delayed due to evolutionary reasons. If you felt the pain of the exertion instantly from sprinting, you wouldn’t do it, and would have been eaten by whatever was chasing you!
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