When in read only mode the file cannot execute any hidden scripts that will act maliciously.
Once you enable editing, the script can run, and performance tasks in the background that the user may be blind to.
I would hazard a guess and say the majority of office users in the world have no clue how powerful the advanced features of the office suit are.
Word and Excel both contain some powerful tools for automating certain tasks with scripts and macros that can be embedded into the document.
A malicious attacker can use these tools in ways that make your computer do things you’d rather it not do.
Read only mode offers some protection against these types of attacks.
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