Coffee from a gas station that cools down tastes terrible because first its low quality, and second, its over cooked sitting in the machine ready to serve.
I make high quality coffee via pour over method, and when it cools, it tastes different than when it was hot, but not at all bad.
The difference between the two is astonishing. Ive had gas station coffee that tasted fine hot, and like a tire cold. This doesnt exactly answer your question via chemistry, but I suspect if you’re running into this situation, lower quality coffee is part of the equation.
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