We have previously thought that the lactic acid theory is behind the delayed soreness but as several comments have stated it has been long refuted. There are 2 theories currently circulating the fitness field, the muscle damage theory and the inflammatory response theory. So far the inflammatory response theory fits well since it goes hand in hand with the delay of the soreness.
Source: https://inspire.edu.lb/inspire/educational-article-resources/DOMS
The article contains intext citations to peer-reviewed articles.
Edit: typos and added a word.
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