Our brains are master categorisers. It’s literally the thing that your brain does best. It’s most of what your brain does on a conscious level.
When you see something new, for example, you brain runs that image past everything in your memory catalogue and decides what category it fits in. That’s why you can recognise a chair as a chair even if you have never seen this swanky Swedish design before. Your brain goes, “Aha! I know that general shape! It looks like all these other things in my ‘chair’ memory folder! I’m going to file it with them!”
Your brain does this on a more complex scale, too. If you touch something hot, your pain receptors in your hand activate. They send a message to your brain. Your brain then immediately catalogues that sensation, plus the input from your other senses (you can see the hot stove, you can smell the gas cooker, you can hear the fan above you going) and both your short-term and long-term memories (you were just now standing at the stove, and last time you had this sensation, you were burnt.)
It puts all these together in a fraction of a second and decides that you are feeling pain, and sends back a pain response. That is how your brain functions with *everything*.
So, when it comes to associations, like the sound an ambulance makes making us think of an ambulance, that’s just our brain doing its thing.
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