It’s actually not known. The leading theory is that it’s simply an inmate rhythm of sensory neuron chains when they are stimulated. Pain is a sensation produced when certain sensory receptors (nociceptors) are activated and send a signal to the brain. When those neurons are nearly constantly firing they, presumably, can settle into a pulsing rhythm.
Researchers aren’t entirely sure that’s the cause of the throbbing sensation. We do know that it’s not linked to your cardiac rhythm (aka pulse rate). Studies have shown that they are not synced.
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