What do you mean by “predicting things in space”?
Weather is mathematically chaotic, which means it outcomes change dramatically with only tiny differences in input. Ergo the ability to predict accurately degrades significantly with increased time.
By comparison motion of objects in our solar system are (for the most part) two-body systems, which are mathematically stable.
There really isn’t any link between these two things, and I have no idea why you’ve decided to group them together in this question. You’ve basically asked why is “hard-thing” hard to do when this completely unrelated “easy-thing” is easy.
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