Being choked causes you to cough reflexively. When you cough there’s more pressure behind your eyes. So the tears coating your eyes that would normally drain away are pushed forwards, causing them to gather into tear drops and fall. It’s the same as why you might tear up when vomiting. The pressure behind your eyes causes the tear drops to form and then drip down.
The choking reflex helps us survive, and as such it overdoes it from time-to-time, like our Flight/Fight/Freeze instinct does.
First, it triggers coughing and mouth/throat secretions for lubrication. The secretory motor system, as a byproduct, brings tears to your eyes. It’s flushing everything it can as fast as it can to get whatever is blocking your airway to dislodge.
The coughing thing isn’t even a regular cough, it’s a super-violent kind of cough that actually sends air up into your tear ducts, which A) hurts like a mother and B) causes more tears.
Normally this wouldn’t be a big problem, happens all the time. We’ve got a neat little system in our tear ducts has these plugs (punctum) that stop the air from coming up and lets the tears we normally produce to wet our eyes drain down into our noses.
But the sheer violence of the choking reflex shoots up so much pressure that it reverses the whole system, making the tears coming down our noses shoot back up. More tears.
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