The Plague Doctors wore masks filled with aromatic items (flowers, roses, carnations, herbs, spices…) to keep away the bad smells (“miasma”) which were thought to be the main cause of the Plague. Doctors believed the herbs would counter the “evil” of the smells, thus preventing infection.
Interestingly enough, while the science behind the masks (ie. miasma theory) was unfounded, it was somewhat (emphasis on somewhat.. mostly not) effective in being a physical/water barrier which stopped the spread by fluids.
[Source](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_doctor_costume)
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