Race is a cultural and political concept. What you describe is how one society views race. I assume you’re speaking of the United States society. The US is heavily influenced by the “one drop” rule, in which having one probably Black ancestor made you Black. It is a system made to separate Blacks from whites and was heavily enforced during segregation.
That’s not how every society views race. In Brazil, society tends to see race as a matter of each individual. A person’s family is not very relevant for reading that person race. A white person can have a black parent and that doesn’t make them black. The idea is that people in Brazil are judged more by their appearance then by their ancestors, so that’s a better description of how race works in that society.
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