The cold virus preferentially attacks respiratory tissues and irritates them. Coughing is a response to this irritation – your body can’t tell if something is stuck there or not.
This also serves as the cold virus’s spreading mechanism, which is no accident. The cold virus family is very well adapted to humans and has developed an excellent short-turn infect-and-spread strategy that doesn’t significantly impair the host. It wants you walking around coughing everywhere, not dead.
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