Doping is a bit of an arms race. People are constantly working on performance enhancing drugs that are effective but hard to detect in the tests that governing bodies run. In return those governing bodies frequently implement new testing methods and some even store old blood to teat when new methods become avaliable.
As for punishment generally the person doping isn’t actually causing harm to anything but the integrity of the sport so betterment punishment is illogical, generally all you can reasonably do is strip prizes.
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