Your brain kinda partially knows what to expect, so it has the information it needs to decipher the often-garbled lyrics. Like, the lyric might sound like henkwing or something; a meaningless word, but then you look at the lyrics and it’s actually penguin, so the next time you hear it you still hear henkwing but your brain goes henkwing = penguin.
Human pattern recognition works both bottom-up and top-down.
Bottom-up is when you look at all the details, and piece together the big picture from them. An example of this is when you read an unfamiliar word, and sound it out letter by letter.
Top-down is when you notice the big picture, and figure out what details would fit it. An example is when you read a word that’s msiseplled, but can still understand it.
It’s hard to distinguish speech sounds when there’s background noise like music. It’s very easy for an f to sound like a v or a th. That makes bottom-up processing more difficult. When you read the lyrics, that tells you what you should listen for, and lets your top-down processing fill in the blanks.
I’ve always thought there was something wrong with me, because I can never completely understand song lyrics. I think it’s to do with the way words or sentences are broken up to flow with the beat. I’ll listen to a song and hear “sounds”, but then read the lyrics and it finally clicks into something I understand.
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