moment forces. When you have a lever, the further away you are from the point of rotation (in this case, the base of the handle), the easier it is to move. Think of a wrench. If you try to loosen a bolt with your hand, it’s going to be near impossible to turn. But when you use a wrench, it’s far easier due to the length of the wrench.
Lots of maths and stuff behind it, but that’s the gist of it
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