The problem comes from a lack of oxygen getting to the roots. The natural ebb and flow of water in soil helps to drive the oxygen exchange. When soil sits water logged, the roots die from oxygen starvation once all that is available is used.
You can grow plants directly in water if you throw a fish tank air stone in the bucket. It’s called “deep water” hydroponics.
Plants make roots and leaves to fit their enviroment, any too drastic change to that enviroment makes that part of the plant not viable and it will die off. A root grown in water will survive and function in moist soil well enough to grow more roots but a root grown in soil won’t have te ability to draw oxygen in a overwatered soil.
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