Basically, the type of memory used but right now per GB, SSD´s are cheaper then MicroSD cards.
also MicroSD and usb sticks usually use Flash memory and have around 1000 Read/write cycles per Sector, Flash memory can compete with linear transfer speeds in some cases but is horrible at parallel operations and concurrent I/O.
There is a nice video from Linus Tech Tips where they try to install windows on a 512gb MicroSD, and it takes forever to load due to SD cards only having decent speeds in linear transfers.
SSD´s, Both sata and NVME use flash memory and have dedicated on board storage controllers which manage I/O and are MUCH more efficient, so you can have many parallel transfers and concurrent operations.
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