The size is more based on the usage. MicroSD cards are designed for small electronics, stuff like phones and cameras. SSDs and HDDs are meant for laptops and desktop computers. They don’t need to be as small, they’re for larger electronics. This makes them cheaper (the smaller something is the harder it is to make) and allows SSDs to be faster and use better memory management than a MicroSD card. It also allows them (HDDs in particular) to have a lot more storage, you can’t get an SSD or HDD that has 8 gb of storage while you can get a microSD card that small.
As for affordable, we’ve gotten really really good at making small transistors for really cheap. But that’s also true for SSDs and HDDs. MicroSD cards are actually pricey compared to the others (once size stops being a factor). Here’s the cost of 1Tb of memory.
MicroSD: $250
SSD: $90
HDD: $40
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