It is explained in the link you provided.
Look at the section on Congruence Formula.
Our number system is, by convention base 10 and therefore the digital root will generally be modulo (1 less than the base) which is 9. If we used base 12 numbers, then the digital root will be modulo 11.
10 is just the conventional base that we currently use. There is nothing particularly special about 10 – we’re just used to it. Other cultures (in the past) have used base 12 or base 60 number systems. In fact we still use a base 60 system when we tell the time.
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