Data is dumb and simple, so to speak. Saying how much goes through the connection pretty much covers everything that matters.
For more complicated devices such as processors, it’s much more difficult to summarise what it’s really doing. So we call it ‘cycles’ and give it a number (4GHz!) and pretend that says it all. It doesn’t. To really understand what’s happening, you’d have to study microarchitecture, which also differs between manufacturers. Two processors at equal speed are not necessarily equally good. For comparisons, they often use benchmark software or test the performance of games, with varying results.
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