The New Testament of the Bible, being at the end, marks the end of the Biblical era. The Biblical era is generally associated with the ancient world. (Most events taking place during Bronze and Iron ages)
As others have stated, in the middle ages it was decided to standardize a new dating/year system. BC and AD is what stuck, and is still used today (sometimes alternatively referred to as BCE and CE).
There’s so much controversy over exactly how old the Earth/time is (or how long humans have been around for) so any dating system is going to be arbitrary to begin with. But, it just makes certain things easier, like keeping track of age, collecting the seasons together, etc.
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